A voltage divider is a fundamental electrical circuit that reduces an input voltage to a lower output voltage using two resistors connected in series. The output voltage is determined by the ratio of these resistors, following the formula: V_out = V_in × (R2 / (R1 + R2)). This principle is widely used in electronics to adjust signal levels, create reference voltages, and interface different components. For precise calculations, a voltage divider calculator can be utilized to determine the appropriate resistor values needed to achieve a desired output voltage. By inputting the source voltage and selecting suitable resistor values, users can design circuits that meet specific voltage requirements. Such calculators are valuable tools for engineers and hobbyists aiming to ensure accurate voltage regulation in their projects.